麻疹感染后脑脊髓炎,虽然国内外文献早有报告,但国内报告尚少。我科收治1例,并继发呼吸衰竭,现报告于后。患儿9岁,男孩。因发烧、流涕、咳嗽7天,出疹3天,于1981年2月24日入院。既往无麻疹及预防接种史。体检:T40.3℃,神志清,精神萎靡,躁动不安。全身满布红色斑丘疹,压之退色。眼结膜充血,口腔粘膜粗糙。颈软,心率120次/分,律齐,心尖区有Ⅱ级收缩期吹风样杂音。两肺均可闻及散在的干湿性罗音。肝大剑下0.5cm,余无阳性发现。血象:白细胞18,000,中性90%。诊断为“麻疹合并支气管肺炎”。入院后即行抗感染等治疗,25 Measles infection encephalomyelitis, although the domestic and foreign literature has long been reported, but few domestic reports. I received 1 cases of department, and secondary to respiratory failure, are reported later. Children 9 years old, boy. Due to fever, runny nose, cough for 7 days, rash 3 days, on February 24, 1981 admission. No previous history of measles and vaccination. Physical examination: T40.3 ℃, clear consciousness, apathetic, restless. The body covered with red rash, the pressure of the fade. Conjunctival hyperemia, oral mucosa rough. Neck soft, heart rate 120 beats / min, law Qi, apical area have Ⅱ grade systolic hair-like murmur. Both lungs can smell and scattered in the wet and dry rales. Liver under the sword 0.5cm, I found no positive. Blood: white blood cells 18,000, 90% neutral. Diagnosed as “measles complicated with bronchial pneumonia.” After admission, anti-infectives and other treatment, 25