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1985年8月,我曾到深圳光华中空玻璃公司采访。当时,公司的生产线已经试产了几个月。由于产品销路没打开,公司的日子不好过,总经理颇感头疼。打那以后,国内又相继搞起了几条中空玻璃生产线。“光华”的日子岂不是更难过了吗?带着这样的担心和疑问,1987年2月我再次访问了这家公司。情况出乎我的意料。公司副总经理告诉我,1986年总的情况不错,全年产值500万元。利润57万元。公司54名职工,人均创利逾万元。不过,中空玻璃的产值利润只占总产值总利润的18%和15.8%,分别为90万元和9万元。很明显,中空玻璃的销路还没有打开。去年公司接到1.1万平方米的订单,其中要求当年交货的只有6000多平方米,还不到一个月的设计能力。那么,较高的产值利润是怎么获得的呢?他告诉我,靠的是承包玻璃工程。玻璃工程?我还是头一回听说。副总经理解释说,玻璃工程就是各种玻璃门窗、天棚的设计、加工和安装。这在我国还是一个新兴的行业。他回忆说,当初建中空玻璃生产线时,只想到生产和销售产品,并没有考虑搞什么玻璃工程。由于中空玻璃配套材料的选用、安装,远比传统的玻璃窗复杂,用户来采购的时候,往往要求代为设计安装。“光华”的玻璃工程业务,就是顺应这种客观的需要开始的。现在,他们以承包玻璃幕墙、玻璃天棚等高档玻璃工程为主,也承包普通玻璃工程。副总经理摊开一本去年的生产安排表,向我介绍说,1986年公司承包的高档和较大的玻璃工程有北
In August 1985, I had an interview with Shenzhen Guanghua Insulating Glass Company. At that time, the company’s production line had been trial production for several months. As the product sales did not open, the company’s life was hard, and the general manager felt a headache. After that, several domestic hollow glass production lines were successively built up in China. Wasn’t the “brilliant” day even worse? With this worry and doubt, I visited this company again in February 1987. The situation went beyond my expectations. The deputy general manager of the company told me that the overall situation in 1986 was good and the annual production value was 5 million yuan. Profit of 570,000 yuan. The company’s 54 employees, per capita profit more than 10,000 yuan. However, the profits from the production of insulating glass accounted for only 18% and 15.8% of the total profits of the total output value, which were 0.9 million yuan and 90,000 yuan respectively. Obviously, the sales of insulating glass have not been opened yet. Last year, the company received an order of 11,000 square meters, of which only 6,000 square meters were required for delivery that year, and less than a month’s design capacity. So, how did the higher output value profit come from? He told me that it was a contract glass project. Glass project? I heard about it for the first time. The deputy general manager explained that the glass project is the design, processing and installation of all kinds of glass doors, windows and ceilings. This is still an emerging industry in China. He recalled that when he first built an insulating glass production line, he only thought of producing and selling products, and he did not consider what glass projects to pursue. Due to the selection and installation of insulating glass supporting materials, it is far more complicated than traditional glass windows. When users purchase, they often require design and installation. Guanghua’s glass engineering business is to comply with this objective need. Now, they mainly contract high-grade glass projects such as glass curtain walls and glass ceilings, and also contract ordinary glass projects. The deputy general manager spread out a production schedule last year and told me that the high-end and larger glass projects contracted by the company in 1986 were north