新中国建立伊始,前所未有的建设热潮汹涌而起,而基础建设的兴建从另一方面促进了当时考古工作的进行。诸如庙底沟、泉护村、王湾等一些遗址都是借此发现并发掘的。在此期间,最具影响力的当数西安半坡遗址的发掘。考古学在中国半个世纪的发展,是新中国考古工作得以开展的基础,从最初联合国外考古学家的调查,到西阴村中国考古学者主持的首次发掘,殷墟1928～1937年的十年发掘工作等等都为中国考古学的继续发展积累了经验。再加之,30年代就在苏联和欧美兴起的聚落考古学,立足在更深入的探求社会关系的层面,也为中国学者的工作提出了新的要求。半坡遗址的发掘就是在这样的情况下进行的。1954～1957年所进行的五次发掘是建 At the very beginning of the founding of New China, the unprecedented upsurge of construction had been raging. The construction of infrastructure promoted the archeology work on the other hand. Some sites such as Miaodi Gully, Quanhu Village, Wangwan, etc. are discovered and discovered. During this period, the most influential excavations in Xi’an Banpo site. The development of archeology in China for half a century is the basis for the development of archeology in China. From the first survey conducted by a group of foreign archaeologists outside the United States to the first excavation conducted by Chinese archeologists in Xiyin Village and the ten years since 1928-1937 Excavations, etc. have accumulated experience for the continued development of Chinese archeology. In addition, the settlement archeology that emerged in the Soviet Union and Europe and the United States in the 1930s, based on a deeper exploration of social relations, also set new requirements for the work of Chinese scholars. The excavation of the Banpo site was carried out under such circumstances. Five excavations from 1954 to 1957 were completed