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乙型肝炎病毒(hepatitis B virus，HBV)感染一直以来都是世界范围内严重的公共卫生问题，可导致急、慢性肝脏疾病以及多种并发症。接种HBV疫苗诱导机体B细胞分泌保护性的乙型肝炎病毒表面抗体(hepatitis B surface antibody，HBsAb)是预防HBV感染最重要的措施。研究表明不同个体对HBV疫苗应答的效应不一致，可分为超高/高、正常/中等、低/无应答，对其产生机制的研究可为高滴度HBsAb制备、HBV感染防治等提供参考。本文将对HBV疫苗接种后不同应答效应个体B细胞特征和机制的研究概况与进展进行综述。“,”Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection remains a serious global health problem, which can lead to acute and chronic liver diseases and a variety of complications. HBV vaccination, which induces B cells to secrete protective hepatitis B surface antibody (HBsAb), is an important measure to prevent HBV infection. Some studies have shown that different individuals have different responses to HBV vaccine, which can be divided into ultra-high/high, normal/medium and low/non-response. Research on the potential mechanisms can provide reference for the preparation of high-titer HBsAb and the prevention and treatment of HBV infection. This paper reviewed the research situation and progress in the characteristics and mechanism of B cells in different responders after HBV vaccination.