嵌段共聚物是将不同性质的聚合物连接在同一分子内 ,表现出特殊的性质 ,受到高分子科学家及工业部门的广泛关注。本文简要介绍了嵌段共聚物的结构、性能以及可能的应用。它有多种制备方法 ,这里着重介绍近年来通过原子转移自由基聚合 (ATRP)和可逆加成 裂解链转移 (RAFT)法制备嵌段共聚物的研究现状和进展情况。对于加料顺序、大分子引发剂末端基团、单体的反应活性以及大分子引发剂的引发效率、配体种类、大分子链转移剂的链转移常数等对嵌段共聚反应的影响也进行了讨论 Block copolymers are different properties of polymers connected in the same molecule, showing a special nature, by the polymer scientists and industrial sectors of widespread concern. This article briefly introduces the structure, properties and possible applications of block copolymers. There are a variety of preparation methods. The research status and progress in the preparation of block copolymers by atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) and reversible addition-cleavage chain transfer (RAFT) methods are highlighted here. For the loading order, the influence of the end group of the macromolecular initiator, the monomer reactivity and the initiation efficiency of the macromolecular initiator, the type of the ligand and the chain transfer constant of the macromolecular chain transfer agent on the block copolymerization reaction were also studied discuss