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Chromosomal abnormalities and Y chromosome microdeletions are considered to be the two more common genetic causes of spermatogenic failure.However,the relationship between chromosomal aberrations and Y chromosome microdeletions is still unclear.This study was to investigate the incidence and characteristics of chromosomal aberrations and Y chromosome microdeletions in infertile men,and to explore whether there was a correlation between the two genetic defects of spermatogenic failure.A 7-year retrospective study was conducted on 5465 infertile men with nonobstructive azoospermia or oligozoospermia.Karyotype analysis of peripheral blood lymphocytes was performed by standard G-banding techniques.Y chromosome microdeletions were screened by multiplex PCR amplification with six specific sequence-tagged site (STS) markers.Among the 5465 infertile men analyzed,371 (6.8％) had Y chromosome microdeletions and the prevalence of microdeletions in azoospermia was 10.5％ (259/2474) and in severe oligozoospermia was 6.3％ (107/1705).A total of 4003 (73.2％) infertile men underwent karyotyping;370 (9.2％) had chromosomal abnormalities and 222 (5.5％) had chromosomal polymorphisms.Karyotype analysis was performed on 272 (73.3％) patients with Y chromosome microdeletions and 77 (28.3％) had chromosomal aberrations,all of which involved sex chromosomes but not autosomes.There was a significant difference in the frequency of chromosomal abnormalities between men with and without Y chromosome microdeletions (P ＜ 0.05).