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目的 探讨合肥市国有机械行业职业危害因素对男性工人寿命和油漆作业工人健康状况的影响。方法 采用整群抽样的方法调查四个工厂全部在册男性工人 ,编制全死因截缩简略寿命表 ,同时对十个工作油漆作业工人健康状况及女工生育生殖情况进行调查。结果 ①男性工人平均期望寿命在 65岁以前高于居民 ,65岁以后低于居民。工人心血管系统疾病的死因顺位较居民大大提前。②油漆工人神经衰弱综合征、植物神经功能紊乱、出血倾向、局部损害均显著高于对照组 (P <0 0 1)。非条件Logistic回归分析结果显示不良的通风条件和接苯工龄是影响其健康状况的主要因素。③油漆女工月经不规律、经量异常、痛经经常发生 ,均显著高于对照组 (P <0 0 5)。非条件Logistic回归分析结果显示被动吸烟、通风条件、缺乏防护措施、操作方式是主要的影响因素。④油漆女工过期妊娠、子代易患感染性疾病均显著高于对照组 (P <0 0 5)。Cox比例风险模型分析结果显示不良的通风条件和接苯工龄、母亲文化程度、胎次、作业场所设备分别是其主要的影响因素。结论 改善作业环境的劳动条件尤其是通风条件是当前亟待解决的主要问题。
Objective To explore the impact of occupational hazards in state-owned machinery industry in Hefei on the life span of male workers and the health status of workers in the paint industry. Methods A cluster sampling method was used to investigate all the registered male workers in all four factories and to compile a simple life-span reduction table of all causes of death. At the same time, the health status of ten working paint workers and the reproductive status of female workers were investigated. Results ① The average life expectancy of male workers was higher than that of residents before the age of 65 and lower than that of residents after 65 years of age. The cause of death of cardiovascular system diseases in workers was significantly earlier than that of residents. ② painters neurasthenic syndrome, autonomic dysfunction, bleeding tendency, local damage were significantly higher than the control group (P <0.01). Non-conditional Logistic regression analysis showed that poor ventilation conditions and the pilotage of benzene were the main factors affecting their health status. ③ irregular female menstrual paints, menstrual flow abnormalities, dysmenorrhea often occur, were significantly higher than the control group (P <0 05). Non-conditional logistic regression analysis showed that passive smoking, ventilation conditions, lack of protective measures, mode of operation is the main influencing factor. ④ Painted women over-term pregnancy, offspring susceptible to infectious diseases were significantly higher than the control group (P <0 05). Cox proportional hazards model analysis results show that poor ventilation and access to benzene, mother’s education, parity, workplace equipment are the main factors. Conclusion The working conditions to improve the working environment, especially the ventilation conditions, are the major problems to be solved urgently.