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目的分析西安市社区老年人心理健康状况及其影响因素,提出保障老年人心理健康的对策和建议。方法采用便利抽样的方法抽取西安市两个社区310名60岁及以上老年人,使用自制调查问卷进行入户调查。调查内容包括社会人口学特征、社会支持、体育锻炼、失能情况、慢性病消费、心理疾病及其应对方式等。利用SAS 9.1.2软件的单因素χ2检验和多因素logistic回归模型分析老年人心理健康的影响因素。结果剔除回答不完整或怀疑不真实的问卷,获得有效问卷304份,有效率为98.1%。被调查人群的心理疾病检出率为27.1%。单因素χ2检验结果显示慢性病医疗消费、失能情况、社会支持和体育锻炼是影响因素,多因素logistic回归分析结果显示医疗保险、慢性病医疗消费、社会支持和体育锻炼是影响因素。结论在老龄化和家庭养老功能日益弱化的形势下,必须重视精神养老问题,通过提高老年人的社会保障水平,完善和构建社区精神养老服务等外部支持系统,有效提升老年人的心理健康水平。
Objective To analyze the mental health of the elderly in Xi’an community and its influential factors, and put forward the countermeasures and suggestions to protect the mental health of the elderly. Methods A total of 310 elderly people aged 60 and above in two communities in Xi’an were sampled by means of convenience sampling. The home-made questionnaires were used for household surveys. The survey includes the characteristics of social demography, social support, physical exercise, disability, chronic illness, mental illness and coping styles. SAS 9.1.2 software using the single factor χ2 test and multivariate logistic regression model analysis of the impact of mental health of the elderly. Results The questionnaires with incomplete answers or suspected untruths were excluded, 304 valid questionnaires were obtained, and the effective rate was 98.1%. The surveyed population’s mental illness detection rate was 27.1%. The univariate χ2 test showed that medical expenditure, disability, social support and physical exercise were the influencing factors in chronic diseases. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that medical insurance, chronic medical expenditure, social support and physical exercise were the influential factors. Conclusion In the situation of aging and family pension being weakened day by day, we must attach importance to the issue of mental aging and improve the level of mental health of the elderly by improving the level of social security for the elderly, improving and building external support systems such as community mental health care services.