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自知母ＡｎｅｍａｒｒｈｅｎａａｓｐｈｏｄｅｌｏｉｄｅｓＢｇｅ．根茎的乙醇提取物中，经硅胶柱层析和制备型ＨＰＬＣ分得四种呋甾皂甙。用化学反应和波谱（ＩＲ，ＦＡＢ－ＭＳ，ＥＩ－ＭＳ，１ＨＮＭＲ，１３ＣＮＭＲ，ＤＥＰＴ，一维多重接力ＣｏＳＹ，二维接力ＨＯＨＡＨＡ，１Ｈ－１ＨＣＯＳＹ，１Ｈ－１３ＣＣＯＳＹ和ＮＯＥ差谱）解析，确定其结构为知母皂贰Ｂ（ａｎｅｍａｒｓａｐｏｎｉｎＢ，Ｉ），（２５Ｓ）－２６－Ｏ－β－Ｄ－吡喃葡萄糖基－５β－呋甾－２０（２２）－烯－３β，２６－二醇－３－Ｏ－β－Ｄ－吡喃葡萄糖基（１→２）－β－Ｄ－吡喃哺葡萄糖甙（Ⅱ），（２５Ｓ）－２６－Ｏ－β－Ｄ－吡喃葡萄糖基－２２－羟基－５β－呋甾－３β，２６－二醉－３－Ｏ－β－Ｄ－吡喃葡萄糖基（１→２）－β－Ｄ－吡喃半乳糖甙（Ⅲ），（２５Ｓ）－２６－Ｏ－β－Ｄ－吡喃葡萄糖基－２２－甲氧基－５β－呋甾－３β，２６－二醇－３－Ｏ－β－Ｄ－吡喃葡萄糖基（１→２）－β－Ｄ－吡喃半乳糖甙（Ⅳ）。Ⅱ为一新的呋甾皂甙，命名为知母皂甙Ｃ；化合物Ⅳ为首次从知母中分离得到，命名为知母皂甙Ｅ。初步的药理实验显示，化合物１～Ⅳ均有一定的清除羟自由基的作用。
Chima AnemarrhenaasphodeloidesBge. In the ethanol extract of rhizomes, four furazin saponins were obtained by silica gel column chromatography and preparative HPLC. The structure was determined by chemical reaction and spectroscopy (IR, FAB-MS, EI-MS, 1H NMR, 13C NMR, DEPT, one-dimensional multi-relay CoSY, two-dimensional relays HOHAHA, 1H-1HCOSY, 1H-13CCOSY, and NOE differential spectra) Anemamarsaponin B (I), (25S)-26-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl-5β-furazan-20(22)-ene-3β,26-diol-3- O-β-D-glucopyranosyl (1→2)-β-D-pyranyl glucoside (II), (25S)-26-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl-22-hydroxy- 5β-Furan-3β,26-Digest-3-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl (1→2)-β-D-galactopyranoside (III), (25S)-26-O -β-D-glucopyranosyl-22-methoxy-5β-furazan-3β,26-diol-3-O-β-D-glucopyranoside Glycosyl (1→2)-β-D-galactopyranoside (IV). II is a new furocaine saponin, named timosaponin C; compound IV is isolated from the anemarrhenae for the first time and is designated as timosaponin E. Preliminary pharmacological experiments showed that compounds 1 to IV all had a certain role of scavenging hydroxyl radicals.