近十年来,多器官功能还不成熟的早产儿成活率的提高给新生儿学家带来了日益增多的问题。本文讨论未成熟肾脏对宫外生活的适应及其引起的某些临床问题。宫内成熟除了对水的自由渗透外,胎盘屏障对胎儿血浆有些渗漏保护性作用,使其免受母体电解质变化的影响。结果,水比钠通过胎盘要迅速些,在胎儿早期此差异更为显著。胎盘是胎儿 In the last decade, the survival rate of premature infants with multi-organ function is immature has brought more and more problems for neonatologists. This article discusses the adaptation of immature kidneys to extrauterial life and some of its clinical problems. In addition to the intrauterine maturation in addition to the free infiltration of water, the placental barrier on the fetal plasma some leakage protective effect, so that from the impact of maternal electrolyte changes. As a result, water is faster than sodium through the placenta, and this difference is even more pronounced in the early stages of the fetus. Placenta is a fetus