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我国内陆油田经水驱、化学驱和三次采油等开发阶段后,仍有40%以上的原油地质储量滞留在地下,将这些剩余油通过微生物厌氧降解转化为甲烷,以天然气形式进行开采的新开发思路受到关注。影响原油微生物气化反应效率的关键是微生物对原油组分的摄取利用和降解能力。通过添加调控剂的方式促进C_(12)~C_(30)长链烷烃和多环芳烃在水相中的含量,促使微生物优先降解原油中原本较难利用的组分。添加调控剂后原油流动性和亲水性增强,发酵液中出现含水油膜,微生物与含水油膜的广泛接触增加了原油烃组分的摄取效率。通过控制培养体系中电子受体浓度和配比的方法,保持了原油组分厌氧降解的持续性。经过12个月的连续培养,原油的主碳峰向轻组分移动,由空白对照的C_(23)降低为C_(15)~C_(17),原油ΣC_(21)/ΣC_(22)值平均增加15.2%;微生物降解后芳烃含量平均减少28.6%,沥青质含量平均减少49.2%,12个月累计产气275m L,甲烷含量为72.731%,原油微生物气化产气效率显著提升。
After the development of inland oilfields such as waterflooding, chemical flooding and tertiary recovery, more than 40% of the crude oil geological reserves remain in the ground, and these remaining oil are converted into methane by anaerobic degradation of microorganisms and mined in the form of natural gas New development ideas are of concern. The key to affecting the efficiency of crude oil microbial gasification is the ability of microorganisms to ingest and utilize crude components. The addition of regulators to promote the C 12 C 30 long-chain paraffins and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in the aqueous phase, prompting the priority microbial degradation of crude oil more difficult to use components. The addition of regulators increases the mobility and hydrophilicity of the crude oil, and the presence of a water-based oil film in the fermentation broth. Extensive exposure of the microorganisms to the water-containing oil film increases the uptake efficiency of the hydrocarbon components of the crude oil. By controlling the concentration and ratio of electron acceptors in the culture system, the persistence of anaerobic degradation of crude oil components is maintained. After 12 months of continuous culture, the main carbon peak of crude oil shifted to light fraction, decreasing from C_ (23) to C_ (15) ~ C_ (17) and the value of ΣC_ (21) / ΣC_ An average increase of 15.2%. After the microbial degradation, the aromatic content decreased by 28.6% on average, the asphaltene content decreased by 49.2% on average, and the cumulative gas production was 275m L in 12 months with a methane content of 72.731%. The gas production efficiency of crude oil microbial gasification significantly increased.