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三个联邦政府机构共同承担开发和管理强幅射核废料的地质贮库。美国能源部(Department of Energy或DOE)负责选址、设计、建造和经营贮库;美国环境保护局(EPA)负责改进“普遍适用的环境幅射保护标准”来确定强幅射废料的所有安全规范。美国核管理委员会(NRC)负责改进技术标准来履行环境保护局的规范,通过批准过程来保证申请建造的贮库满足这些标准。保证放射性废料长时期的安全隔离,给核管理委员会代来一个特有的问题。废料隔离审批过程要求“较好的保证”测定,因为这些核废料尚需隔离数千年。履行环境护保局提出的规范,要求定量预报放射性核素在一般环境的释放情况。而这些预测值,主要依靠假定的释放数,即从深埋的废料地点,通过地质水文环境到可放置的位置,作成运动数学模型而决定。
Three federal government agencies jointly undertake the development and management of a geological reservoir of strong nuclear waste. The US Department of Energy (Department of Energy or DOE) is responsible for locating, designing, constructing, and operating depots; the US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) is responsible for improving “universally applicable environmental radiation protection standards” to determine all safety of strong radiation waste. specification. The United States Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC) is responsible for improving technical standards to fulfill the specifications of the Environmental Protection Agency, and through the approval process to ensure that the depots applied for construction meet these standards. To ensure the long-term safe separation of radioactive waste, the Nuclear Regulatory Commission issues a unique problem. The waste separation approval process requires a “better assurance” determination because these nuclear wastes still need to be isolated for thousands of years. To fulfill the specifications set by the Environmental Protection Agency, it is required to quantitatively forecast the release of radionuclides in the general environment. These predictions mainly depend on the hypothetical release number, that is, from the deep-buried waste site, through the geological and hydrological environment to the place where it can be placed, to make a mathematical model for the movement.