Fragile ecological environment and poverty correlate to and reinforce each other closely in Western China.At the same time,Western China is also the most prominent area of the knowledge and human poverty with very low labor force quality.On the basis of analyzing the characteristics of poverty in Western China,this paper studies the coupling relationship between fragile ecological environment and poverty in Western China,including the impacts of fragile environment on poverty occurrence and the effects of ecological construction on poverty alleviation.It also analyzed how low labor quality causes persistent poverty in the western region.At the end of the paper,strategies of diversity poverty alleviation in Western China are suggested based on sustainable development,including education improvement,ecological construction,industries development,infrastructure construction,planning institution innovation,and so on. Fragile ecological environment and poverty correlate to and reinforce each other closely in Western China. At the same time, Western China is also the most prominent area of ​​the knowledge and human poverty with very low labor force quality. On the basis of analyzing the characteristics of poverty in Western China, this paper studies the coupling relationship between fragile ecological environment and poverty in Western China, including the impacts of fragile environment on poverty occurrence and the effects of ecological construction on poverty alleviation .It also analyzed how low labor quality causes persistent poverty in the western region. At the end of the paper, strategies of diversity poverty alleviation in Western China are suggested based on sustainable development, including education improvement, ecological construction, industries development, infrastructure construction, planning institution innovation, and so on.