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多种伤害性刺激均可引起细胞内腺苷三磷酸(ATP)的释放,ATP可激活P2X和P2Y受体,引起相应的生物学效应。P2X和P2Y受体均属于P2受体家族,其中P2X受体为配体门控非选择性阳离子通道受体,允许钠、钙、钾等阳离子通过。P2Y受体属于G-蛋白耦联受体。三叉神经节中含有大量与外周痛觉传导有关的中小型神经细胞,P2X受体在三叉神经节的痛觉传导过程中起至关重要的作用。下面就三叉神经痛以及P2X受体的结构、分布、生物学特性等研究进展作一综述。
A variety of noxious stimuli can cause the release of intracellular adenosine triphosphate (ATP), which activates P2X and P2Y receptors, causing the corresponding biological effects. Both P2X and P2Y receptors belong to the P2 receptor family, where the P2X receptor is a ligand-gated nonselective cation channel receptor that allows the passage of cations such as sodium, calcium and potassium. P2Y receptors belong to G-protein coupled receptors. The trigeminal ganglion contains a large number of small and medium-sized neural cells that are involved in peripheral pain-mediated conduction. P2X receptors play a crucial role in the pain-mediated conduction of the trigeminal ganglion. The following is a review on the research progress of trigeminal neuralgia and the structure, distribution and biological characteristics of P2X receptors.