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霍布斯通过自然平等和理性欲望的预设实现了古典政治哲学向现代政治哲学的转变,将政治问题转化为技术问题,将欲望问题转化为利益问题。卢梭通过区分作为人类原初状态的自然状态以及作为人之为人的法理地位的自然状态、自然人的可完善性与公民理性,自我保存的自然欲望与理性的欲望,自然人的自然自由、公民的契约自由、道德自由,自然人的自然平等与权利平等,以自然与历史对勘的方式将霍布斯的理论极端化,揭示了霍布斯理论必然导向的逻辑困境,进而通过认知性的思路而非规范性的思路、以构成性张力而非辩证的线性历史的设计描绘了一幅关于理想政制的完整连贯的理论图景。
Hobbes realized the transformation of classical political philosophy to modern political philosophy through the presupposition of natural equality and rational desire, translating political problems into technical problems and turning desire problems into profit problems. Rousseau distinguishes between the natural state as the primitive state of mankind and the natural state as the legal status of human beings, the perfectness and civic rationality of natural persons, the natural desires and rational desires of self-preservation, the natural freedom of natural persons, the freedom of contract of citizens , Moral freedom, equality of natural rights and rights of natural persons, extremization of Hobbes’ theory in the way of reconnaissance of nature and history, revealing the logical predicament that Hobbes’s theory is inevitably oriented, and then through cognitive thinking instead of thinking Normative ideas, formulated in a linear history that constructs tension rather than dialectics, present a complete and coherent theoretical picture of the ideal system of government.