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以泗棉3号棉花品种为材料,于2010和2011年在南京农业大学牌楼试验站设置铃期(7月13日—8月24日)增温试验,模拟全球增温条件下棉花产量、品质的变化趋势及其生理机制.结果表明:在铃期增温2~3℃(日均温31.1~35.2℃)条件下,植株总生物量下降约10%,单株皮棉及籽棉产量降低30%~40%.棉纤维品质变化显著,且不同纤维品质指标对增温的响应程度存在较大差异:马克隆值和断裂比强度显著升高,纤维长度下降,而整齐度指数和伸长率无显著变化.棉株光合能力、干物质累积能力和光合产物输出能力显著下降;可溶性氨基酸、可溶性糖、蔗糖含量及碳氮比均显著下降,而淀粉含量显著上升;增温条件下营养器官干物质分配比例增多,生殖器官干物质分配比例相对减少,经济系数随之降低.棉株下部果枝受增温影响较小,中、上及顶部果枝受增温影响较大.表明在增温2~3℃条件下,棉株大部分时间处于热胁迫状态,不仅光合能力下降,而且光合产物向“库”端的转运能力下降,最终导致其减产.
Cotton bolls of Simian No.3 were used as materials to set up bolls (Jul. 13 - Aug. 24) in Nanjing Paragon Test Station in Nanjing University of Agriculture in 2010 and 2011 to simulate the effects of global warming on cotton yield and quality The results showed that under the conditions of warming 2 ~ 3 ℃ (average daily temperature 31.1 ~ 35.2 ℃) in boll stage, the total biomass of plants decreased by about 10%, the yield of single lint and seed cotton decreased by 30% ~ 40% .The cotton fiber quality changes significantly, and different fiber quality indicators of the response to temperature there is a big difference: the micronaire value and the fracture strength increased significantly, the fiber length decreased, while the uniformity index and elongation was not significant Changes in photosynthetic capacity, dry matter accumulation ability and photosynthetic output capacity of cotton significantly decreased; soluble amino acids, soluble sugar, sucrose content and C / N ratio decreased significantly, while the starch content increased significantly; under heating conditions, the distribution of vegetative organs dry matter The ratio of dry matter distribution in reproductive organs decreased, the economic coefficient decreased, the lower branch of cotton plants had less effect on temperature increase, and the upper branch and top branch affected more by the increase of temperature, which indicated that the increase of temperature was 2-3 ℃ Under the conditions of cotton plants Part time in heat stress state, not only decreased photosynthetic capacity and photosynthetic products “library ” end of the reduced ability to transport, eventually leading to its production.