目的:回顾性分析硬化性乳腺病的临床病理以及影像学特点。方法:选取2011-01-01-2012-12-30湖南省湘潭市第一人民医院(871例)及湘潭市中心医院乳腺外科(632例)接受手术治疗乳腺疾病患者1 503例,对有硬化性乳腺病患者的流行病学资料、临床病理资料、影像学资料以及随访资料等信息进行整理分析。结果:1 503例乳腺疾病患者中,39例(2.6%)患者患有或伴有硬化性乳腺病,X射线钼靶与超声检测对于硬化性乳腺病伴随乳腺癌的检测准确性分别为45.7%和60.0%,两者联合诊断的准确性为34.3%。空心针穿刺与术中冷冻判断硬化性乳腺病相关乳腺疾病的良恶性的低估率分别为42.9%和60.0%。有6例(15.4%)硬化性乳腺病患者同时伴有乳腺癌。结论:硬化性乳腺病缺乏特异性的临床表现与影像学表现,多数硬化性乳腺病患者需要依靠术后详细的病理检测才能明确良恶性。患有硬化性乳腺病的患者同时伴有恶性病变的风险较高,病理诊断为硬化性乳腺病的患者需密切随访。 Objective: To retrospectively analyze the clinical pathology and imaging features of sclerosing breast disease. Methods: Totally 1 503 cases of breast disease undergoing surgery in the First People’s Hospital of Xiangtan City of Hunan Province (871 cases) and the Department of Breast Surgery (632 cases) of Xiangtan Central Hospital from January 2011 to January 2012 were selected, Epidemiological data, clinicopathological data, imaging data and follow-up information of patients with sexual mastopathy were analyzed. Results: Of the 1 503 cases of breast diseases, 39 cases (2.6%) had or accompanied with sclerosing breast disease, the accuracy of X-ray molybdenum target and ultrasound examination for breast cancer with sclerosing breast disease was 45.7% And 60.0% respectively. The accuracy of the combined diagnosis was 34.3%. The underestimation rates of the benign and malignant breast diseases related to sclerosing breast disease were 42.9% and 60.0%, respectively. Six cases (15.4%) of patients with sclerosing breast disease accompanied by breast cancer. Conclusions: Sclerotic breast disease lacks specific clinical manifestations and imaging findings. Most patients with sclerosing breast disease need to rely on detailed postoperative pathological examination to identify benign and malignant. Patients with sclerosing mastopathy also have a higher risk of malignant disease and patients with pathologically diagnosed mastopathies require close follow-up.