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中国西北高山、高原广泛分布着冻土和积雪,春季融雪和冻土融化是该地区重要的水文过程.基于模块化的寒区水文建模环境CRHM,根据流域水文过程特征和观测数据约束,选取描述不同寒区子水文过程的模块构建寒区水文模型,并基于长期观测的两个典型寒区小流域来验证模块化的寒区水文模型.在冰沟流域,主要模拟雪的积累/消融、雪的升华、融雪下渗和融雪径流过程.结果显示:冰沟流域积雪升华占降雪量(145.5cm)的48%,其中风吹雪引起的升华损失量(35cm)占积雪升华(69cm)的一半,风速和辐射引起的积雪升华是该地区积雪物质平衡的重要组成;构建的寒区水文模型可以再现春季积雪消融引起的径流过程.在左冒孔冻土流域,主要模拟冻土下渗过程、冻土坡面产流过程和土壤冻融对径流的影响.结果显示:构建的寒区水文模型可以捕捉到春季主要的冻土融化径流过程.两个流域的验证结果揭示:模块化的建模方法在搭建模型结构的时候减少了模型的不确定性,所以在未经率定的情况下,具有在无资料和资料缺少地区模拟寒区水文要素和水文过程的能力.
Based on the modular hydrological modeling environment CRHM, based on the characteristics of hydrological process in the basin and the constraints of the observed data, the hydrological modeling of the cold region in northwest China is widely distributed with permafrost and snow cover, In order to validate the modular cold region hydrological model based on the long-term observation of two typical cold region watersheds, we selected modules describing sub-hydrological processes in different cold regions to simulate snow accumulation / abatement , Sublimation of snow, infiltration of snowmelt and snowmelt runoff.The results showed that the snow sublimation accounted for 48% of the snowfall (145.5cm) in Binggou watershed, and the sublimation loss (35cm) caused by snowfall accounted for 69% ), And snow cover and sublimation caused by wind speed and radiation are the important components of the snow mass balance in the area. The constructed hydrological model of the cold area can reproduce the runoff caused by snow melting in spring. Infiltration process of permafrost, runoff process on permafrost and soil freeze-thaw runoff.The results show that the constructed hydrological model can catch the main thawing process of permafrost in spring.The two The results of watershed verification reveal that the modular modeling method reduces the uncertainty of the model when building the model structure. Therefore, in the case of unforeseen circumstances, Hydrological process capabilities.