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杂种优势是一种普遍存在的生物学现象,其形成的原因十分复杂。本世纪初,Bruce和Shull相继提出的杂种优势形成的显性互补假设和超亲优势假设至今仍作为一种理论模型而缺乏实验证实。水稻杂种优势的利用自70年代三系配套技术建立得到了广泛的应用,但水稻杂种优势形成的遗传学基础目前还知之甚少。在水稻杂种优势形成机理研究中,分别从生理生化代谢、同工酶分析、DNA限制性片段多态性和DNA含量差异进行了分析,但杂种优势形成的分子机理仍未得到阐明。杂种优势的形成是与异质化相关的过程,它涉及到两个遗传背景不同的体系的相互作用。因此,在相互作用过程中,亲本基因的表达与调控就决定了杂种一代的基因表达类型和特性。因此,我们从分析基因表达与调控入手,运用mRNA差异展示技术分析了玉米杂种一代与亲本基因表达的差异,揭示了不少有意义的现象。本研究以水稻籼型杂交组合(汕优63:珍汕97A×明恢63)为材料,探讨水稻杂种一代与亲本基因表达的差异,揭示了杂种优势形成过程中的一些重要现象。
Heterosis is a ubiquitous biological phenomenon, the reason for its formation is very complicated. At the beginning of this century, the dominant complementary hypothesis and the super-heterosis hypothesis formed by Bruce and Shull, which are successively proposed by Bruce, still lacks experimental confirmation as a theoretical model. The utilization of rice heterosis has been widely used since the establishment of the three-line matching technology in the 1970s, but the genetic basis for the formation of heterosis in rice is still poorly understood. In the study of the formation mechanism of rice heterosis, the differences in the physiological and biochemical metabolism, isoenzyme analysis, DNA restriction fragment polymorphism and DNA content were analyzed respectively. However, the molecular mechanism of heterosis formation has not been elucidated. The formation of heterosis is a process related to heterogeneity, which involves the interaction of two systems with different genetic backgrounds. Therefore, during the interaction, the expression and regulation of the parental gene determine the type and characteristics of the gene expression of the hybrid generation. Therefore, we started with the analysis of gene expression and regulation, using mRNA differential display technology to analyze the differences of gene expression between maize hybrid generation and their parents, revealing a lot of meaningful phenomena. In this study, the indica hybrid rice combinations (Shanyou 63: Zhenshan 97A × Minghui 63) were used to investigate the differences in gene expression between hybrids and their parents, revealing some important phenomena in the formation of heterosis.