脑小血管病的典型影像学表型包括无症状腔隙性梗死、脑白质高信号、脑微出血以及血管周围间隙扩大，这些影像学表型常同时存在且彼此相互关联。为了更好的评估整体脑损伤，近年来提出了“脑小血管病总体负担”的概念。文章对脑小血管病总体负担的评估及与卒中、卒中后抑郁、认知损害和步态障碍的关系进行了综述。“,”The typical imaging phenotypes of cerebral small vessel disease include asymptomatic lacunar infarction, white matter hyperintensities, cerebral microbleeds, and perivascular space enlargement. These imaging phenotypes often exist simultaneously and are related to each other. In order to better assess the overall brain injury, the concept of “ total burden of cerebral small vessel disease” has been proposed in recent years. This article reviews the assessment of the overall burden of cerebral small vessel disease and its relationship with stroke, post-stroke depression, cognitive impairment, and gait disorders.