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目的 调查中国城市0～14岁儿童2010年与2000年十年间支气管哮喘(哮喘)的患病情况并进行对比.方法 选取2000年、2010年均参与了全国0～14岁城市儿童哮喘患病率调查的城市,要求两次调查均为中心城区,调查样本量符合要求.两次调查均采用多阶段分层随机整群抽样方法,使用统一问卷筛查可疑儿童哮喘患者.筛查阳性儿童由临床医生通过现场问诊、体检及查阅既往病历记录和辅助检查结果,明确哮喘诊断.数据使用Epi-Info软件进行双录入,用SPSS 19.0软件进行统计分析.结果 全国共有33个城市入选本次研究,2000年、2010年33个城市儿童哮喘的现患率分别为1.59％(5 317/334 985)和2.11％(7 382/350 347),呈显著上升趋势.两次调查患病率最高的城市分别为合肥(分别为3.91％和4.60％)和上海(分别为3.34％和5.28％),最低的城市为西宁(分别为0.12％和0.93％)和拉萨(分别为0.52％和0.26％).大多数城市患病率呈不同程度升高,其中以温州、上海和西宁上升最为明显.两次调查男孩患病率显著高于女孩,分别为1.67∶1.00和1.58∶1.00.两次调查中患病率最高的年龄段均为学龄前期(3～6岁).两次调查结果显示,学龄儿童哮喘6岁前发病分别为84.32％(2 538/3 010)和78.55％(2 917/3 714),婴幼儿期发病患儿比例分别为54.92％(1 653/3 010)和43.30％(1 608/3 714).结论 2010年我国城市儿童的哮喘患病率明显高于2000年,2010年14岁以下儿童的患病率较十年前上升32.70％;大多数城市哮喘患病率较前升高,患病率较高者集中在省会和东部沿海城市;学龄前期是儿童哮喘患病率最高的年龄段,与十年前比较,目前哮喘发病年龄后移,学龄前和学龄期发病有所上升.“,”Objective To compare the prevalence of asthma in children aged 0-14 years by the epidemiological survey for children in urban China between the year of 2000 and 2010.Methods Cities participated in the national survey of asthma prevalence in urban children aged 0-14 years at 2000 and 2010 were selected.The surveyed sample sizes met the study requirements.Stratified multistage random cluster sampling and unified questionnaire screening were adopted in both surveys of 2000 and 2010.For screeningpositive children,asthma was diagnosed by physicians through on-site visits,physical examination,medical records review and auxiliary examination results.Double entry and validation was adopted for all data using Epi-Info software,and analysis was carried out by SPSS V19.0.Results Thirty-three cities were selected for this study.The prevalence of asthma was 1.59％ in 2000 and 2.11％ in 2010,respectively.The highest prevalence of asthma was seen in Hefei and Shanghai respectively in the two surveys,while the lowest prevalence was seen in Xining and Lhasa.The prevalence rate increased in most of the cities,especially in Wenzhou,Shanghai and Xining.The prevalence of asthma in boys was significantly higher than that in girls in the two surveys,with a ratio of 1.67∶1 and 1.58∶ 1,respectively.Preschool age (aged 3-6) had the highest prevalence in both surveys,and nearly 80％ of the onset was observed before age 6.Regarding the age of disease onset in the 2000 and 2010 surveys,54.92％ and 43.30％ were found in infants,45.08％ and 56.70％ in preschool and school-age,respectively.Conclusions In the recent 10 years,childhood asthma prevalence rate increased significantly in urban China and the prevalence increased 32.70％ in children younger than 14 years in 2010 than before.Most cities had a higher prevalence rate than before,but mainly in first-tier cities,provincial capitals and eastern coastal cities.Preschool children showed the highest prevalence of asthma.The age of asthma onset was increasing,with a higher prevalence in preschool and school-age children as compared to 10 years ago.