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[目的]掌握传染病发病趋势和流行特征,为制定传染病防治对策与控制措施提供科学依据。[方法]对黎平县2001～2008年传染病疫情进行描述性流行病学分析。[结果]黎平县2001～2008年无甲类传染病报告,共报告乙、丙类传染病23种,发病17992例,死亡103例,年报告发病率为449.80/10万、死亡率为2.57/10万、病死率为0.57%;发病率居前3位病种分别是肺结核、细菌性痢疾和病毒性肝炎,占发病总数的71.14%;死亡数居前3位病种分别是钩体病、狂犬病和乙脑,占发病总数的1.22%,占死亡总数的58.25%;病死率居前3位病种分别是狂犬病、新生儿破伤风和流脑;血源及性传播疾病发病数从2001年的170例上升到2008年的668例,上升了2.93倍;麻疹发病率从2001年的114.66/10万,下降到2008年的0.20/10万,下降了99.64%,无白喉、百日咳和脊髓灰质炎等疫苗针对疾病。[结论]黎平县2001～2008年传染病发病处于相对稳定状态,病例分布无明显季节性;血源及性传播疾病随着人们行为和生活方式改变呈快速上升趋势,应加强疫情监测和防控工作力度;免疫规划疫苗针对疾病得到有效控制,疫苗接种是控制和消除传染病的最有效手段。
[Objective] To grasp the trend and epidemic characteristics of infectious diseases and provide scientific basis for formulating prevention and cure measures and control measures of infectious diseases. [Method] A descriptive epidemiological analysis was conducted on the epidemic situation of infectious diseases in Liping County from 2001 to 2008. [Results] There were 23 reported cases of Class A and B infectious diseases in Liping County from 2001 to 2008, with 17,992 cases and 103 deaths. The annual report rate was 449.80 / 100,000 and the mortality rate was 2.57 / 100 000, the case fatality rate was 0.57%. The top three diseases were tuberculosis, bacillary dysentery and viral hepatitis, accounting for 71.14% of the total. The first three deaths were leptospirosis, Rabies and JE accounted for 1.22% of the total number of cases, accounting for 58.25% of the total number of deaths; the top three cases of death were rabies, neonatal tetanus and meningitis; the incidence of blood and sexually transmitted diseases was from 2001 170 cases rose to 668 cases in 2008, an increase of 2.93 times; the incidence of measles dropped from 114.66 / 100000 in 2001 to 0.20 / 100000 in 2008, down by 99.64%, without diphtheria, whooping cough and polio Inflammation and other vaccines for the disease. [Conclusion] The incidence of infectious diseases in Liping County was relatively stable from 2001 to 2008, with no obvious seasonal distribution. The blood and sexually transmitted diseases showed a tendency of rapid increase with changes of people’s behavior and life style, and should be strengthened to monitor and control the epidemic situation Work intensity; immunization vaccine for the effective control of the disease, vaccination is the most effective means to control and eliminate infectious diseases.