细胞毒Ｔ淋巴细胞（ＣＴＬ）是肿瘤免疫中重要的特异性效应细胞。利用其高度特异性的识别机制，体外诱导建立的特异性ＣＴＬ克隆已成功地应用于肿瘤抗原的研究，并在肿瘤生物治疗中显示出应用前景。本文着重介绍ＣＴＬ在活化和作用机制方面的最新认识，肿瘤特异性ＣＴＬ的体外诱导及其在肿瘤抗原研究和肿瘤生物治疗中的意义。 Cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) are important specific effector cells in tumor immunity. Using its highly specific recognition mechanism, in vitro induced specific CTL clones have been successfully applied to the study of tumor antigens, and have shown application prospects in tumor biotherapy. This article focuses on the latest understanding of activation and mechanism of action of CTLs, the induction of tumor-specific CTLs in vitro and their significance in tumor antigen research and tumor biotherapy.