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目的描述与比较北温带某海岛县城市化学校与渔村学校学生的远视力状况,探讨环境因素与近视的关联。方法剔除外来流动人口、病理性近视眼,整群选取城市化学校与渔村学校学生各3589,7072眼,又按照年级、性别分组,测定远视力。描述指标为近视率、平均视力、平均视角的环比和定基比。结果 “初三”年级城市化学校女生、城市化学校男生、渔村学校女生、渔村学校男生的视力不良检出率依次为74.02%,64.48%,50.73%,36.25%。平均视力依次降至4.619,4.731,4.838,4.944;平均视角依次扩大至2.404,1.858,1.452,1.138;以一年级为基数,平均视角扩大的定基比依次为232.29%,186.64%,165.58%,129.71%。(2)城市化学校与渔村学校相比,年级、性别间差异均有统计学意义(P值均=0.000)。结论在受教育年龄提前,学业负担加重等城市化因素的影响下,海岛县城市化学校的远视力状况与渔村学校明显分化,与大都市接近。
Objective To describe and compare the distance vision of urbanized schools and fishing village schools in an island county of North Temperate and to explore the relationship between environmental factors and myopia. Methods Excluding migrant population and pathological myopia, 3589,7072 pupils from urban schools and fishing village schools were enrolled in the cluster, and their visual acuity was further divided into groups according to their grade and sex. Description indicators for myopia, the average visual acuity, the average perspective of the ring than the ratio and base. Results The detection rate of poor vision of boys in urban schools, urbanized boys, fishing village girls and fishing village boys in grade one was 74.02%, 64.48%, 50.73% and 36.25% respectively. The mean visual acuity decreased to 4.619, 4.731, 4.838 and 4.944 in turn, and the average visual acuity increased to 2.404, 1.858, 1.452 and 1.138 in turn. The base radii for the first year were 232.29%, 186.64%, 165.58% and 129.71 %. (2) Compared with fishing village schools, urbanized schools have statistically significant differences in grade and gender (P = 0.000). Conclusion Under the influence of urbanization factors, such as education age ahead and academic burden increased, the distance vision situation of County School of Urbanization apparently differentiated from that of fishing village school, which is close to the metropolis.