晚明至清初,在儒家思想内部酝酿着一股政治制度改革的思潮。顾炎武、黄宗羲、王夫之、袁枚等人,在肯定人性自私及土地私有的新思想前提下,以“公天下”的政治理想为目标,分别提出了如何分散最高皇权、限制最高皇权的政治制度改革的理想,展示了中国传统社会后期儒家思想的内在活力及其向现代转化的内在可能性。 From late Ming to early Qing dynasty, there was a trend of political system reform in Confucianism. Gu Yanwu, Huang Zongxi, Wang Fuzhi, Yuan Mei and others, under the premise of affirming the new ideas of human selfishness and private ownership of land, aiming at the political ideal of “public under the heaven”, respectively proposed how to disperse the highest imperial power and restrict the political system reform of the highest imperial power The ideal shows the inner vitality of Confucianism in the late period of traditional Chinese society and the inherent possibility of its transformation into modern times.