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随着组织相容性的提高,手术技术的完善,更新的免疫抑制剂的应用,儿童肾移植已成为治疗儿童终末期肾功能衰竭的有效手段。儿童肾移植明显提高了终末期肾病患儿的生存质量,具有良好的社会心理康复水平及优越的生存质量/医疗费用的价值比。儿童肾移植已不再限定最小年龄。强调缩短待肾时间及干肾移植与湿肾移植的适当选择。儿童肾移植更易从亲属中获得活体肾移植,且可以通过免疫技术的应用克服ABO配型障碍,组织工程技术的成熟将进一步拓宽肾源。手术中需注意特殊解剖位置的选择,独特的血管吻合术及保证血流动力学的稳定。术后联合应用免疫抑制剂,成功克服了急慢性排斥反应及移植后复发等问题。
With the improvement of histocompatibility, the improvement of surgical techniques and the application of newer immunosuppressive agents, children’s kidney transplantation has become an effective treatment for end-stage renal failure in children. Renal transplantation in children significantly improves the quality of life in children with end-stage renal disease, has a good level of social and psychological rehabilitation and superior quality of life / medical costs than the value. Kidney transplantation is no longer limited to the minimum age. Emphasis on shortening the time to be kidney and dry kidney transplantation and wet kidney transplantation appropriate choice. Kidney transplantation in children is more likely to be obtained from relatives of living kidney transplantation, and ABO matching disorders can be overcome by the application of immunological techniques. The maturation of tissue engineering technology will further broaden the kidney source. Surgery should pay attention to the choice of a special anatomical location, a unique vascular anastomosis and to ensure hemodynamic stability. Postoperative combination of immunosuppressive agents, successfully overcome the acute and chronic rejection and recurrence after transplantation and other issues.