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随着轨道车辆运行速度的提高、车辆载荷的增加及其焊接结构形式的复杂化,车辆的承载状况变得十分复杂。热点应力方法作为一种结构疲劳强度评定方法,其计算结果更接近于焊件实际应力,但尚未在轨道车辆结构疲劳评定中广泛应用。本文以热点应力方法为理论基础,分析、比较不同有限元模型与外推公式对热点应力计算结果的影响,计算不同载荷形式下的热点应力集中系数。论文提出热点应力特征量的概念,用于描述焊缝尺寸、母板厚度、角接角度、腹板厚度等焊件细节对热点应力集中系数的影响;计算、比较机车转向架构架焊接减振器座的名义应力和热点应力。
With the increase of the running speed of rail vehicles, the increase of vehicle loads and the complication of the welding structure, the bearing status of vehicles becomes very complicated. As a method to evaluate the fatigue strength of structures, the hot spot stress method is closer to the actual stress of the weldment, but it has not been widely used in the fatigue assessment of the railway vehicle structure. Based on the hot spot stress method, this paper analyzes and compares the influence of different finite element models and extrapolation formulas on the hot spot stress calculation results, and calculates the hot spot stress concentration factor under different load forms. The paper proposed the concept of hot spot stress characteristic quantity, which is used to describe the influence of weldment details, such as weld size, motherboard thickness, corner angle and web thickness on the hot spot stress concentration factor. The calculation and comparison of locomotive bogie frame welding damper Block nominal stress and hot stress.