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【目的】研究中国西南地区丰富的芥菜型油菜资源遗传多样性,为芥菜型油菜资源的保护和育种利用提供有益的数据。【方法】选取以西南地区为主的73份芥菜型油菜资源,分别进行14个随机引物RAPD标记多态性分析结果的聚类分析和15个主要植物学性状量测数据的聚类分析。【结果】RAPD标记多态性分析结果的聚类分析显示为3大类,共15个亚类:四川盆地资源为第1大类,含川东、川南、川北和重庆来源等6个亚类;盆周及盆周高原和云南部分资源为第2大类,分川东南、川西南和川西北来源等4个亚类;云贵高原及长江两岸为第3大类,以贵州、云南来源的资源为主,分贵阳周边、金沙江流域和云南中部来源等5个亚类。植物学性状量测数据的聚类分析显示为4大类,共14个亚类:第1大类以川东南、重庆和云南来源的资源为主,分3个亚类;第2大类以川南、川北、云南和贵州来源的资源为主,分4个亚类;第3大类以贵州、四川来源的资源为主,分4个亚类;第4大类以川西北来源的资源为主,含3个亚类。【结论】西南地区芥菜型油菜资源间差异明显,具有丰富的遗传多样性;RAPD标记多态性分析结果和植物学性状量测数据的聚类分析结果,显示分类主要遵循地域和生态环境规律,可分清芥菜型油菜资源间的亲缘关系和遗传距离远近;在分子水平上,分类结果可能更深入和准确可靠。
【Objective】 The objective of this study is to study the genetic diversity of rich Brassica juncea resources in southwest China and to provide useful data for the conservation and breeding of Brassica juncea resources. 【Method】 73 oilseeds from Brassica juncea were selected from Southwest China. Cluster analysis of 14 random primers based on RAPD markers and clustering analysis of 15 major botanical traits were carried out. 【Result】 Cluster analysis of RAPD markers revealed three major groups and 15 subtypes: the Sichuan Basin was the first major group with 6 sub-types of eastern Sichuan, southern Sichuan, northern Sichuan and Chongqing sources ; The basin periphery and the basin-based plateau and some resources in Yunnan are the second largest, sub-Southeastern Sichuan, southwestern Sichuan and northwestern Sichuan; the Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau and the Yangtze River are the third largest, with Guizhou, Yunnan Resource-based, divided Guiyang periphery, Jinsha River Basin and the source of Yunnan, five sub-categories. The cluster analysis of the botany traits measurement data showed that there are four major categories and 14 sub-categories. The first category is mainly of resources of southeast Sichuan, Chongqing and Yunnan, which are divided into three sub-categories. The second category South Sichuan, North Sichuan, Yunnan and Guizhou-based resources, divided into 4 sub-categories; the third largest category of Guizhou, Sichuan-based resources mainly divided into 4 sub-categories; the fourth largest category of resources in Northwest Sichuan Lord, with 3 sub-categories. 【Conclusion】 There are significant differences among the resources of Brassica juncea in Southwest China. The results of RAPD analysis and cluster analysis of botanical traits show that the classification mainly follows the rules of region and ecological environment, Can distinguish between the genetic relationship between Brassica napus resources and genetic distance; molecular level, the classification results may be more in-depth and accurate and reliable.