目的：为提高全喉切除术后用发音管发音重建的成功率提供解剖学基础。方法：对４０具（男３０，女１０）成人标本环咽肌进行解剖，观测左右侧喉下神经入喉处与甲状软骨下角的距离、喉下神经和环咽肌的关系。结果：喉下神经入喉点距甲状软骨下角的距离，左侧（５．５±１．４） ｍｍ；右侧（５．３±１．３） ｍｍ。７５％（６０侧）喉下神经在环咽肌的下方穿入喉部；２５％（２０侧）喉下神经在环咽肌纤维之间穿入喉部。结论：本研究对于指导环咽肌切断术，诊治环咽肌失驰缓症，探讨喉下神经和环咽肌的关系等有重要的临床意义。 OBJECTIVE: To provide an anatomical basis for improving the success rate of phonetic vocal reconstruction after total laryngectomy. Methods: The cricoid pharyngeal muscle of 40 adult (30 female and 10 female) specimens were dissected and the relationship between the left inferior laryngeal nerve laryngeal nerve entrance and the inferior thyroid cartilage, the inferior laryngeal nerve and the cricopharyngeal muscle were observed. Results: The distance from the inferior laryngeal nerve to the lower thyroid cartilage was (5.5 ± 1.4) mm on the left and (5.3 ± 1.3) mm on the right. Thirty-five percent (60 sides) of the inferior laryngeal nerve penetrate the larynx below the cricoid pharynx; 25% (20 sides) of the laryngeal nerve penetrate the larynx between the ciliary fibers. Conclusion: This study has important clinical significance in guiding cricopharyngeal myotomy, diagnosis and treatment of cricopharyngeal deformity, and exploration of the relationship between hypopharyngeal nerve and cricopharyngeal muscle.