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骨小梁是骨中最重要的结构,它由许多胶原按照一定的方式排列,并在表面覆盖大量的矿物质而成,是一种由杆状和板状骨小梁组成的连续三维网状结构。骨小梁并非无序排列,而是根据主要受力状态沿主应力方向得到排列,形成最优的受力结果,用最少的材料承受最大的外部载荷(即以最少的面积承担力的最大强度)。人们发现除骨密度外,骨质量(骨微结构、骨有机基质、矿物成分、微小损伤及修复状态)也会影响骨强度。对绝大多数人而言,骨组织的组成材料基本一致,因此,骨微结构成为评价骨质量的重要指标。目前,其检测方法已成为研究热点。本文就应用有创和相对无创方法进行骨微结构检测的最新研究成果作一综述。
Trabecular bone is the most important bone structure, which consists of a number of collagen arranged in a certain way, and the surface is covered by a large number of minerals, is a rod-shaped and plate-like trabecular Beams consisting of continuous three-dimensional mesh structure. Trabecular trabeculae are not arranged in an orderly manner, but are arranged along the direction of principal stress according to the main stress state, resulting in an optimal force result with the least material to withstand the maximum external load (ie, the maximum strength to bear the force with the least amount of area ). In addition to bone density, bone mass (bone microarchitecture, organic bone matrix, mineral composition, minor damage, and repair status) was also found to affect bone strength. For the vast majority of people, the composition of bone tissue is basically the same, therefore, bone microstructure as an important indicator of bone quality assessment. At present, the detection method has become a research hotspot. This review summarizes the latest research results of invasive and relatively noninvasive methods for detecting bone microarchitecture.