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在很多国家已建造了水工长隧洞(长度大于5km)。隧洞的埋深在很多地方超过1km。深埋长隧洞的设计与施工需要解决一系列复杂问题,如预报隧洞沿线的工程地质条件;山岩压力、岩爆、岩石的挤入和气体的喷出、土的破坏和水的涌入、高温水和高温岩石等自然现象和作用;根据通风设施的配置,通往坑洞的路径,石碴和混凝土的运输,电力供应和排水设施等条件,确定每个工作面独头进尺的最合理长度等。隧洞建筑区地质条件对衬砌方法的选定、建筑物造价和施工期限有极其重要影响,
Hydraulic long tunnels (more than 5km in length) have been built in many countries. The depth of the tunnel is more than 1km in many places. The design and construction of deep-buried long tunnels need to solve a series of complex problems, such as forecasting the engineering geological conditions along the tunnel; rock pressure, rock burst, rock intrusion, gas injection, soil destruction and water influx, High temperature water and high temperature rocks and other natural phenomena and the role of; according to the ventilation configuration, the path leading to the potholes, ballast and concrete transport, power supply and drainage facilities and other conditions to determine each work surface sole props the most reasonable Length and so on. The geological conditions of the tunnel construction area have an extremely important influence on the selection of the lining method, the construction cost and the construction period,