文章以源于入世后外向型劳动力密集型产业繁荣的中国式“荷兰病”理论为基础,对中国式荷兰病通过体制惰性效应、人民币汇率效应、资源转移效应等渠道影响中国收入分配问题进行了深入细致的实证研究。文章发现,在体制惰性效应影响下,我国国富民穷、东西部差距以及城乡差距问题日益恶化;但在“人民币汇率效应”作用下,东西部差距呈明显减缓趋势。文章最后建议加快城乡统筹发展步伐,积极推行改善民生和扩大内需的财政税收体制改革,适时扩大人民币汇率浮动区间,以确保中国经济增长方式顺利转变以及社会经济健康、协调与可持续发展。 Based on the Chinese-style “Dutch disease” theory, which is derived from the prosperity of the export-oriented labor-intensive industries after China’s accession to the WTO, the article influences China’s income distribution through the institutional inertia, RMB exchange rate effects and resource transfer effects on Chinese-style Dutch diseases Conducted in-depth and detailed empirical research. The article finds that under the influence of institutional inertia, the gap between the rich and poor in our country, the gap between the east and the west and the gap between urban and rural areas are deteriorating. However, with the effect of RMB exchange rate effect, the gap between the east and the west is slowing down obviously. Finally, the article proposes to speed up the pace of overall development of urban and rural areas, actively promote the fiscal and taxation system reform to improve people’s livelihood and expand domestic demand, expand the RMB exchange rate floating range in due course, so as to ensure the smooth transformation of China’s economic growth mode and the healthy, coordinated and sustainable socio-economic development.