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广谱高效中和抗体在对抗艾滋病病毒(HIV)感染的免疫中起关键作用。HIV感染后CD4+T淋巴细胞的缺失,使依赖于T细胞的B细胞体液免疫功能受抑制,多数HIV感染者无法通过自然途径产生广谱高效中和抗体,通过设计疫苗进行人工诱导仍是主要目标。近年研究表明,部分广谱高效中和抗体具有多反应性/自身反应性,且从HIV感染者体内HIV抗原特异性B细胞克隆表达的单克隆抗体也多是多反应性/自身反应性抗体,使得多反应性抗体在对抗HIV感染领域的研究成为热点。关于这些多反应性抗体是否可提供高效的免疫保护,因此可以作为人工疫苗的诱导靶点是现阶段需要解答的重要课题。文章介绍了目前HIV高效广谱中和抗体的种类和识别位点,针对多反应性/自身反应性的HIV抗体,对其产生机制和临床意义进行全面探讨,并展望其在疫苗设计中作为诱导靶点的潜在价值。
Broad-spectrum, high-efficiency neutralizing antibodies play a key role in the fight against HIV infection. The loss of CD4 + T lymphocytes after HIV infection inhibits humoral immunity in T-cell-dependent B cells. Most HIV-infected individuals are unable to produce broad-spectrum high-potency neutralizing antibodies through natural pathways and artificial induction by designing a vaccine is still predominant aims. Recent studies have shown that some of the broad-spectrum high-efficiency neutralizing antibodies are multi-reactive / self-reactive, and monoclonal antibodies that are expressed from HIV antigen-specific B cell clones in HIV-infected patients are mostly multi-reactive / autoantibodies, Making multi-reactive antibody research in the field of HIV infection become a hot spot. As to whether these polyreactive antibodies provide efficient immunoprotection, it is an important issue that needs to be answered at this stage that they can be used as targets for the induction of artificial vaccines. This article introduces the current types of HIV-efficient broad-spectrum neutralizing antibodies and identification of sites, multi-responsive / self-reactive HIV antibodies, the mechanism of its development and clinical significance of a comprehensive study and its prospects in the vaccine design as an inducer The potential value of the target.