在煤高温高压实验的基础上，对实验变形煤及其原始样品进行了Ｘ射线衍射研究，探讨了煤变形的微观机理及其影响因素．阐明了定向压力是促使煤基本结构单元增大的重要因素，说明了高应变环境、强应变和低应变速率有利于单元堆砌度（Ｌｃ）和延展度（Ｌａ）的增长及面网间距（ｄ００２）的减小，原始煤级对变形煤的ＸＲＤ结构演化也具有重要影响． Based on the experiments of high temperature and high pressure coal, X-ray diffraction of the experimentally deformed coal and its original samples was carried out, and the microscopic mechanism and influencing factors of coal deformation were discussed. It is clarified that the directional pressure is an important factor to promote the increase of coal basic structural unit. It shows that high strain environment, strong strain and low strain rate are conducive to the increase of Lc and La, ), The original coal rank also has an important influence on the evolution of the XRD structure of deformed coal.