钱玄同是五四新文化运动的主要代表人物之一,在反对封建主义,提倡新文化方面做出了杰出的贡献。在“五四”后新文化阵营的几次争论中,他以一个纯粹思想家的身份参与其中,有时甚至是争论的一方和主要代表人物。争论中显示了他的理性主义态度和自由主义立场。但“五四”风暴过后,随着《新青年》阵营的分裂,以争论为载体,新文化阵营也随之分裂。钱玄同与原属新文化阵营的共产党人在对很多问题的认识上产生了矛盾和分歧,并因而成为他没有信仰马克思主义、加入中国共产党从而走上革命家的道路的重要原因之一,也因而受到了后人的批评和指责。有人认为,五四风暴过后,钱玄同成了鲁迅在《南腔北调集·〈自选集〉自序》中所说的“《新青年》的团体散掉了,有的高升,有的退隐,有的前进……”中“高升”的一个。还有人认为五四风暴过后,钱玄同思想“僵化”了,“落伍”了,甚至“倒退”了,说他躲进了宁静的书斋,从而与革命者分道扬镳。然而,事实并非如此简单。“五四”后,钱玄同思想并未僵化和倒退,而是在思想和学术领域仍然发挥着重要的作用,并且同新文化阵营产生争论和分歧的原因在于思想家和政治家不同的认识逻辑。 Qian Xuan Tong was one of the main representatives of the May Fourth New Culture Movement and made outstanding contributions in opposing feudalism and promoting the new culture. During several debates on the New Culture Camp after the May Fourth Incident, he was involved as a purely thinker, and sometimes even the party to the debate and the main representative. His argument shows his rationalist attitude and liberal position. However, following the “May Fourth” storm, with the splitting of the “new youth” camp and the controversy as the carrier, the new cultural camp will also be split. Qian Xuan-tung, with Communists who belonged to the New Culture Camp, contradicted and disagreed on many issues and therefore became one of the important reasons for his failure to believe in Marxism and join the Chinese Communist Party to embark on a revolution. Which has been criticized and accused later generations. Some people think that after the May Fourth storm, Qian Xiantong became a member of Lu Xun’s group called “New Youth” mentioned in the “Preface of the Naojiao Beijiao Anthology