目的　探讨急性脑血管病和老年性痴呆症血清髓鞘碱性蛋白 (MBP)的含量变化及其临床意义。方法　采用MBP ELISA法对 2 0例急性脑出血、2 8例急性脑梗死、10例老年性痴呆症患者及 2 1名正常对照者血清MBP进行检测。结果　 3组患者血清MBP含量均显著高于正常对照组 (P <0 .0 5 ) ;8例急性脑出血患者治疗前后其MBP含量有显著性差异 (P <0 .0 5 )。结论　血清MBP检测有助于急性脑出血、急性脑梗死、老年性痴呆症的诊断和疗效观察 Objective To investigate the changes of serum MBP in patients with acute cerebrovascular disease and Alzheimer’s disease and its clinical significance. Methods Serum MBP was detected by MBP ELISA in 20 cases of acute cerebral hemorrhage, 28 cases of acute cerebral infarction, 10 cases of Alzheimer’s disease and 21 normal controls. Results Serum MBP levels in three groups were significantly higher than those in the normal control group (P <0.05). The levels of MBP in eight patients with acute cerebral hemorrhage were significantly different before and after treatment (P <0.05). Conclusion Serum MBP test is helpful to the diagnosis and treatment of acute cerebral hemorrhage, acute cerebral infarction and Alzheimer’s disease