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以兰渝线马家山深埋软岩隧道为研究背景,进行了隧道爆破开挖振动监测试验,对振动数据进行了归一化处理,得到了关于深埋软岩隧道的萨氏经验公式,为爆破开挖设计优化提供参考。在爆破振动速度研究中,得到深埋软岩隧道中,爆破振动速度最大水平径向分量大于最大垂直分量,而最大垂直分量又大于最大水平切向分量。同时,爆破振动速度随着距离的增加逐渐减弱。深埋软岩隧道开挖振动规律与断面尺寸、隧道埋深和软岩节理分布等有关。基于现场试验结果,建议在对深埋软岩隧道施工中,采用隧道常规监测与爆破振动监测相结合,同时增加围岩压力测试等选测项目,可以全面监控深埋软岩隧道开挖爆破振动规律,不断调整和优化爆破参数,降低爆破对软岩的损伤,有效提高爆破效果和施工效率。
Taking Lanzhou-Chongqing Majiashan deep soft rock tunnel as the research background, vibration monitoring test of tunnel blasting and excavation was carried out and the vibration data were normalized. The sahari empirical formula about deep soft rock tunnel was obtained as Blasting excavation design optimization for reference. In the research of blasting vibration velocity, the maximum horizontal radial component of blasting vibration velocity in the deep soft rock tunnel is larger than the maximum vertical component, while the maximum vertical component is larger than the maximum horizontal tangential component. At the same time, the blasting vibration velocity decreases gradually with the increase of distance. The vibration law of deep soft rock tunnel excavation is related to the section size, the tunnel depth and the distribution of soft rock joints. Based on the field test results, it is suggested that during the construction of deep soft rock tunnels, the combination of conventional tunnel monitoring with blasting vibration monitoring and the selection of surrounding rock pressure tests should be selected to fully monitor the blasting vibration Law, and constantly adjust and optimize the blasting parameters, reduce the blasting soft rock damage, effectively improve the blasting effect and construction efficiency.