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处于深部开采且煤层位于轴部构造的矿井,巷道变形量大、变形速度快且持续时间长,巷道维护十分困难。卸压开采技术是控制矿山压力的有效手段。以大安山煤矿为工程背景,采用相似材料模拟进行卸压开采及非卸压开采两组模型对比试验,研究下保护层轴9煤层开采对被保护层轴10煤层的卸压效果,通过监测保护层开采过程中及开采稳定后轴10煤层卸压系数变化特征、岩层裂隙发育程度及变形情况来检验卸压效果。结果表明:卸压开采条件下,轴10煤层顶板应力普遍降低,峰值应力降低9.4%;岩层裂隙发育密度及煤岩层变形量大,岩层最大裂隙密度为14条/cm,上升16.7%;岩层最大下沉量为54.6 mm,上升21.6%,表明岩层受卸压作用,应力明显减小,弹性能释放程度较好,有利于减弱强矿压现象。
In deep mining and the coal seam is located in the shaft structure of the mine, large deformation of the roadway, deformation speed and long duration, roadway maintenance is very difficult. Pressure relief mining technology is an effective means of controlling the pressure of mines. Taking Daanshan coal mine as an example, the similar material simulation is used to compare the two models of pressure-relief mining and non-pressure-relief mining to study the relief effect of shaft 9 coal seam on shaft 10 in the protective layer. Through the monitoring and protection During the mining process and stable mining shaft 10 after the pressure relief coefficient variation characteristics of rock fracture development and deformation to test the pressure relief effect. The results show that under the condition of pressure relief mining, the roof stress of shaft 10 generally decreases and the peak stress decreases 9.4%. The development density of rock fracture and the deformation of coal seam are large. The maximum fracture density of rock formation is 14 / cm, increasing by 16.7% The amount of subsidence is 54.6 mm, up 21.6%, indicating that the rock is under pressure relief, the stress is obviously reduced, and the release of elastic energy is better, which is benefit to weaken the strong underground pressure.