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采用光照培养箱对30个油菜品种(系)进行不同温度处理,观察油菜种子萌发及幼苗生长状况。结果表明:(1)10/5℃低温条件下油菜种子发芽率及成苗率低于对照(25/20℃),品种间差异显著;10/5℃低温胁迫下平均发芽时间为对照的3.32~7.23倍,发芽指数与幼苗活力指数分别为对照的0.01~0.52倍和0.02~0.60倍;10/5℃低温胁迫下油菜苗高、根长、总苗长均低于对照(25/20℃),根苗比降低;10/5℃低温胁迫下绝大多数品种总鲜重、鲜干比及根干重降低,苗干重和总干重增加。(2)通过主成分分析,筛选出成苗率等6个指标作为种子萌发成苗耐低温的综合性评价指标。(3)隶属函数分析表明,30个油菜品种(系)中沣油823、德核油999、秦优7号为强抗低温,圣光127、HN4、湘杂油2号和华油杂14号为抗低温,赣油杂5号等14个品种(系)为中抗低温,中油杂12、沣油737、沣油682、浙双8号、华双4号、丰油730为弱抗低温,A35、华早291和德油8号表现最差,为低温敏感品种。
30 rape cultivars (lines) were treated with light at different temperatures to observe the rape seed germination and seedling growth status. The results showed that: (1) The seed germination rate and seedling rate of rapeseed under low temperature of 10/5 ℃ were lower than that of control (25/20 ℃), the difference was significant among varieties; the average germination time under 10/5 ℃ was 3.32 ~ 7.23 folds, the germination index and vigor index of seedling were 0.01 ~ 0.52 times and 0.02 ~ 0.60 times of the control respectively. The seedling height, root length and total seedling length of rape under 10/5 ℃ were lower than that of the control ), Root / shoot ratio decreased; 10/5 ℃ under low temperature stress, the total fresh weight, fresh weight ratio and root dry weight of most varieties decreased, dry weight and total dry weight of seedlings increased. (2) Through the principal component analysis, six indicators such as seedling rate were screened out as the comprehensive evaluation index of seed germination and seedling tolerance to low temperature. (3) Membership function analysis showed that 30 oilseed rape cultivars (Zhong) 823, Durian 999, Qinyou 7 were strong resistance to low temperature, No. 14 for low temperature resistance, Ganyezazao No. 14 and other varieties (lines) for the low temperature resistance, oil hybrid 12, Soy sauce 737, Soy sauce 682, Zhejiang double 8, Low temperature, A35, China early morning 291 and Germany oil 8 worst performance, as low temperature sensitive varieties.