科学研究工作从科学家的个体研究演变到集体研究,直到二十世纪后发展为国家统一协调进行,是科学研究的发展规律之一,也是必然的趋势。现代化的科学研究管理已是当代科学研究中的一个不可分割的重要组成部分。科学管理工作渗透到科研工作的全过程。一般地说它包括科研计划的制定、重点课题的选择、科研力量的使用及科研进程的 It is an inevitable tendency for scientific research to evolve from individual studies of scientists to collective studies and to develop into a unified and coordinated state after the twentieth century, which is one of the laws governing the development of science. Modern scientific research management has become an integral part of contemporary scientific research. Scientific management has infiltrated the whole process of scientific research. In general, it includes the formulation of research plans, the selection of key topics, the use of scientific research and the progress of scientific research