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N-dodecanoyl homoserine lactone (C12-HSL) was detected in the supematant of an anammox granular sludge reactor (AGSR).C12-HSL could enhance the specific anammox activity of anammox biomass.Adding C12-HSL-containing AGSR supematant into the continuously stirred tank reactors reduced the start-up time of the anammox process from 80 to 66 days.Moreover,the nitrogen loading rate was also enhanced to 1.6 times that of the control reactor.AHLs could increase the secretion of extracellular polymeric substances and anammox obtained better enrichment with the addition of AHLs-containing AGSR supatant.Denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis analysis further revealed that AHLs played a role in mediating microbial community parameters.In conclusion,adding AHL-containing supatant could be an effective and economical way to accelerate the start-up of anammox.