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法国的语言学有不同于一般西方传统的特点。本文探讨了20世纪上半期Meillet的普通语言学思想,认为Meillet在法国倡导普通语言学研究是出于彰显法国语言学民族特点,从而与德国历史比较语言学决裂的目的;阐述了Meillet普通语言学具有法国同时代经验主义思想的特点,采用“历史的”和“比较的”归纳方法,同时坚持语言社会观和系统观。最后,以Meillet的具体研究阐述他的普通语言学研究的具体内容。
French linguistics is different from the traditional Western traditions. This article explores Meillet’s general linguistic thinking in the first half of the 20th century and argues that Meillet’s advocacy of ordinary linguistic studies in France is aimed at revealing the national characteristics of French linguistics and thus breaking away from the linguistics of German history. The characteristics of French contemporary empiricism adopted the methods of “historical” and “comparative” induction, while at the same time upholding the viewpoints of language society and system. Finally, I elaborate the content of his general linguistic research by Meillet’s specific research.