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以我国“农超对接”模式为背景,提出了能使农户和超市在随机产出和随机需求下长期友好合作的方案。然而产出的随机性使得农户面临着产量不足或产量过剩的风险,从农户和超市应对风险的能力出发,文中提出两点来解决此问题:一是当农户的实际产出大于超市订购量时,超市以低于批发价的价格收购农户的多余产出,以解决农户“难卖”的问题;二是当农户的实际产出小于超市订购量时,农户只需给予实际产出部分,对差额部分不需向超市赔偿,以匹配“小农户,低风险”的状况。文章分析了集中式决策和分散式决策下各个参与成员的决策行为并通过算例进行比较说明,最后采用利润共享合同使得供应链达到协调。
Under the background of China “Agriculture Super-docking ” model, a scheme is proposed to enable farmers and supermarkets to cooperate in a long-term and friendly manner under random output and random demand. However, the randomness of output makes farmers face the risk of insufficient production or excess production. From the ability of farmers and supermarkets to deal with risks, two points are put forward to solve the problem. First, when the actual output of farmers is greater than the quantity ordered by supermarkets , The supermarket buys the surplus output of farmers at a price lower than the wholesale price so as to solve the problem of “difficult sale” of farmers; second, when the actual output of farmers is less than the quantity ordered by supermarkets, the farmers only have to give the actual output part , The difference does not need to compensate the supermarket to match the “small farmers, low-risk” situation. This paper analyzes the decision-making behaviors of all participating members under centralized decision-making and decentralized decision-making and compares them with examples. Finally, the profit-sharing contract is adopted to make the supply chain reach the coordination.