马铃薯的生育时期与其它作物不同。根据其无性繁殖的特点,按照茎叶生长和块茎形成过程的相互关系,并结合地上部形态变化,可把马铃薯的生育期划分为芽条生长期、幼苗期、块茎形成期、块茎增长期,淀粉积累期、成熟收获期等六个时期(见图1)。以下分别叙述各个时期的生育特点及其与产量形成的关系。一、芽条生长期(块茎萌芽——出苗)马铃薯的生育从块茎萌芽至幼苗出土,为芽条生长期。块茎萌发时,首先形成明显的幼芽,其顶部着生一些鳞片状小叶,即胚叶。幼芽是靠节间的连续发生和扩大而生长的。随着幼芽的生长,根和匍匐茎的原基在靠近芽眼6—8节处开始发育,这是马铃薯的主要根系,称芽眼根。幼根出现后,以比幼芽更快 The potatoes are born differently from other crops. According to the characteristics of its vegetative propagation, according to the relationship between stem and leaf growth and tuber formation, and with the morphological changes of shoots, the growth stages of potatoes can be divided into bud growth stage, seedling stage, tuber growth stage, tuber growth stage, Starch accumulation period, mature harvest period of six periods (see Figure 1). The following describes the reproductive characteristics of each period and their relationship with yield formation. First, shoot growth period (tuber bud - emergence) Potato fertilization from tuber germination to seedlings unearthed bud period. When the tubers germinate, the first obvious buds are formed, with some scaly leaflets on the top, the embryo leaves. Buds grow by successive occurrence and expansion of internodes. With the growth of shoots, the roots of roots and stolons begin to develop near nodes 6-8 of the bud, which is the main root system of the potato, called the root of the bud. Emergence of young roots to shoot faster than buds