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目的了解恩平市狂犬病流行病学特征,探讨狂犬病防制的重点策略和预防控制措施。方法收集2006-2012年恩平市狂犬病个案调查及疫情报告资料进行描述性流行病学分析。结果 2006-2012年恩平市共报告狂犬病病例26例,年发病率介于0.20/10万~1.83/10万之间,病死率100.00%;病例集中在2008-2011年;疫情主要集中在农村地区(24例,占92.31%);男性17例,女性9例;50岁以上人群报告发病占42.31%(11/26);职业以农民和学生为主,构成比分别是53.85%(14/26)和15.38%(4/26);咬伤部位以下肢为主,占37.50%(9/26)。24例动物咬伤史明确的病例中,潜伏期中位数为51.5 d;79.17%的病例由犬咬伤引起(19/24);病例伤口暴露程度以Ⅲ级伤口为主,占95.83%(23/24)。仅有1例病例接受规范犬伤处理,所有病例均未接种狂犬病疫苗和人狂犬病免疫球蛋白。结论加强犬只的管理和免疫,及时、规范进行狂犬病暴露后医学处理是预防狂犬病的关键措施。
Objective To understand the epidemiological characteristics of rabies in Enping and to explore the key strategies and preventive and control measures for rabies. Methods To collect descriptive epidemiological analysis of cases of rabies in Enping from 2006 to 2012 and epidemiological reports. Results In 2006-2012, a total of 26 cases of rabies were reported in Enping City, with an annual incidence rate of 0.20 / 100,000 to 1.83 / 100,000 and a case fatality rate of 100.00%. The cases were concentrated in 2008-2011. The epidemic mainly concentrated in rural areas (24 cases, accounting for 92.31%); 17 males and 9 females; 42.31% (11/26) reported cases over 50 years of age; the main occupation was peasants and students, with the proportions of 53.85% (14/26) ) And 15.38% (4/26), respectively. The lower limbs were predominant in the bite area, accounting for 37.50% (9/26). Among the 24 cases with definite history of animal bites, the median latency was 51.5 days. 79.17% of the cases were caused by dog bites (19/24). Grade Ⅲ wounds were the most common cases of wounds, accounting for 95.83% (23 /twenty four). Only one case received standard canine wound care, and all rabies vaccines and human rabies immunoglobulin were not given in all cases. Conclusion Strengthening the management and immunization of dogs and timely and standardizing the medical treatment after rabies exposure are the key measures to prevent rabies.