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目的了解陕西省公众应对突发公共卫生事件能力现状及存在的主要问题。方法采用多阶段抽样的方法,选取陕西省年满18周岁的城乡居民进行问卷调查。结果共调查1945人。灾害事件应对方面,地震、水灾、火灾应对知识的平均知晓率分别为72.86%、65.34%和77.94%;传染病暴发事件应对方面,呼吸道、消化道传染病预防知识的平均知晓率分别为91.38%和90.36%,SARS、人感染高致病性禽流感、病死禽畜处理方法、流感、麻疹、肺结核、伤寒、霍乱、鼠疫相关知识的知晓率分别为77.90%、82.53%、77.13%、66.63%、71.59%、53.22%、31.49%、55.80%和83.13%;其他事件应对方面,食物中毒应对知识的平均知晓率为58.69%,交通事故报警电话的知晓率为52.18%,遭毒气袭击或化学品泄漏时逃生方向的知晓率为68.56%,认为知道什么是放射性事故的人中放射性事故应对知识的平均知晓率为63.50%。结论陕西公众对地震、水灾和火灾等灾害事件应对知识掌握不全面,对少见传染病的预防知识欠缺,食物中毒、交通事故、放射性事故等的应对知识需要提高。
Objective To understand the status quo and main problems of public ability to deal with public health emergencies in Shaanxi Province. Methods The method of multistage sampling was used to select the urban and rural residents over the age of 18 in Shaanxi Province for questionnaire survey. A total of 1945 people were surveyed. For the disaster response, the average awareness rate of earthquake, flood and fire response knowledge was 72.86%, 65.34% and 77.94% respectively. In terms of response to outbreak of infectious diseases, the average awareness rates of respiratory and gastrointestinal infectious disease prevention knowledge were 91.38% And 90.36% respectively. The awareness rate of SARS, HPAI infection, treatment methods of sick poultry, influenza, measles, tuberculosis, typhoid fever, cholera and plague were 77.90%, 82.53%, 77.13% and 66.63% respectively. , 71.59%, 53.22%, 31.49%, 55.80% and 83.13% respectively. In other events, the average awareness rate of knowledge about food poisoning was 58.69% and that of traffic accident alarm calls was 52.18% The awareness rate of leakage in the direction of escape was 68.56%, and the average awareness rate of knowledge of radioactive accident response knowledge to those who knew of what was a radioactive accident was 63.50%. Conclusions The public of Shaanxi has inadequate knowledge of the response to disasters such as earthquakes, floods and fires, lack of prevention knowledge on rare infectious diseases, and increased knowledge of the response to food poisoning, traffic accidents and radioactive accidents.