位于十二指肠或其以上部位的出血叫做上消化道出血。在英国成人每年每１０万人中有８７人发病。其常见诱因是：（１）食道静脉曲张。门脉压力增高引起食道静脉曲张，曲张静脉破裂可导致中、重度出血，首次出血病死率在３０％～５０％。（２）Ｍ－Ｗ裂缝（贲门胃底粘膜撕裂综合? Bleeding in the duodenum or above is called upper gastrointestinal bleeding. In Britain, 87 out of every 100,000 people become infected each year. The common causes are: (1) esophageal varices. Portal hypertension caused by esophageal varices, varicose veins can lead to moderate and severe bleeding, the first hemorrhage mortality in 30% to 50%. (2) M-W crack (gastric cardia gastric mucosal tear integrated?