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目的分析深圳市福田区某小学H3型流感暴发疫情的发病特征,探讨其暴发的危险因素和传播途径,为学校流感预防和控制提供依据。方法采用描述性方法对病例特征进行流行病学分析,采用病例对照研究和二分类logistic回归分析此次暴发的相关危险因素。结果共搜索到46例发病病例,罹患率为4.3%(46/1 072)。主要临床症状为发热(100.0%),咳嗽(65.2%)和咽痛(34.8%)。病例平均年龄为7岁,分布在两个班级,其中二(1)班罹患率高达62.8%。二(1)班在校午休的学生中,病例数占午休人数的79.00%。对两个班级的病例和非病例的相关危险因素进行单因素分析发现,病例组和对照组在饭前洗手、便后洗手、使用肥皂或洗手液方面差异均有统计学意义(χ~2=4.910,P=0.027;χ~2=5.764,P=0.016;χ~2=4.071,P=0.044);在体育锻炼以及校外参加培训方面差异有统计学意义(Z=-2.817,P=0.005;χ~2=5.635,P=0.018)。结论该事件为一起由H3型流感病毒引起的暴发疫情,群体活动中接触或飞沫可能是本次流感病毒传播的原因;相关危险因素为学生洗手卫生习惯较差,隔离不及时或隔离时间不够,学校床位设置不合理以及参加校外培训班等。
Objective To analyze the incidence of influenza H3 outbreak in a primary school in Futian District of Shenzhen City, and to explore the risk factors and routes of transmission of the outbreak and provide the basis for prevention and control of influenza in schools. Methods The descriptive method was used to carry out epidemiological analysis of case characteristics. Case-control studies and binary logistic regression were used to analyze the risk factors associated with the outbreak. Results A total of 46 cases were found, the attack rate was 4.3% (46/1 072). The main clinical symptoms were fever (100.0%), cough (65.2%) and sore throat (34.8%). The average age of cases was 7 years old, distributed in two classes, of which two (1) classes attack rate as high as 62.8%. Of the two classes (1) students who took lunch at school, the number of cases accounted for 79.00% of the lunch break. Univariate analysis of the two classes of cases and non-case-related risk factors found that the difference between the case group and the control group in washing hands before meals, after washing hands, using soap or hand soap were statistically significant (χ ~ 2 = There were significant differences in physical exercise and off-campus training (Z = -2.817, P = 0.005; P = 0.027; χ ~ 2 = 5.764, P = 0.016; χ ~ 2 = 5.635, P = 0.018). Conclusion The incident was caused by an outbreak of H3 virus. Outbreaks of contact or droplets in group activities may be responsible for the spread of this influenza virus. Relevant risk factors are poor hygiene practices, inadequate isolation or inadequate isolation for students , School beds set unreasonable and participate in off-campus training courses.