一、上海的外向型经济对外开放,发展外向型经济,这不仅是上海的,而且也是全国的经济发展战略。上海地处我国南北海岸中部,长江入海口,是我国通往世界各地的最重要的海上门户。它的周围又是全国经济最发达的长江三角洲地区。因而,上海理所当然地应在对外开放、发展外向型经济的过程中发挥重要的作用。历史上,上海曾经是全国乃至远东最大的工业、商品和金融业的中心。当时,上海的这一地位的确立,主要依赖于它的优越的地理位置、它的港口和便利的陆上交通条件,依赖于由全国各地提供的充足的劳动力、能源和原材料等廉价资源。上海的这种中心地位,在当时不仅给上海的发展注入了强大的活力,而且也对全国经济的发展起了重要的推动作用。但是,上海在发展加工工业方面实际上并不具有真正的优势。上海不仅缺少必要的矿物资源,而且 I. Shanghai’s export-oriented economy is opening to the outside world and developing an export-oriented economy. This is not only Shanghai, but also a national economic development strategy. Located in the middle of the north and south coasts of China and the mouth of the Yangtze River, Shanghai is the most important maritime gateway to China all over the world. It is surrounded by the most economically developed Yangtze River Delta in the country. Therefore, Shanghai should, as a matter of course, play an important role in opening up to the outside world and developing an outward-oriented economy. Historically, Shanghai used to be the largest industrial, commodity and financial center in the country and the Far East. At that time, Shanghai’s establishment was largely dependent on its strategic location, its ports and convenient land transport conditions, relying on the availability of cheap resources such as adequate labor, energy and raw materials from all over the country. Shanghai’s central position at that time not only provided a powerful impetus to the development of Shanghai, but it also played an important role in promoting the development of the entire country. However, Shanghai actually does not have a real advantage in developing the processing industry. Shanghai is not only missing the necessary mineral resources, but also