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以钛酸丁酯为原料,在水热过程中加入聚乙二醇(分子量2 000)合成TiO2纳米晶,并制备多孔薄膜用于染料敏化太阳能电池(DSSCs)。采用X射线衍射仪(XRD)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、台阶仪、紫外-可见分光光度计(UV-vis)对纳米晶粒的晶体结构、薄膜的表面形貌、厚度和光学吸收性能以及电池的光电能量转换性能随聚乙二醇的加入量变化的规律进行了探索。结果表明,聚乙二醇的加入抑制了锐钛矿相TiO2晶粒的生长,诱导了金红石相的形成。当聚乙二醇的加入量为TiO2质量的5%时性能达到最佳,采用单层多孔薄膜以及不添加四-叔丁基吡啶的电解质组装的电池获得了2.86%的光电能量转换效率。
Titanium tetrabutoxide was used as raw material to synthesize TiO2 nanocrystals by adding polyethylene glycol (molecular weight 2,000) during hydrothermal process and to prepare porous films for dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs). The crystal structure, surface morphology, thickness and optical absorption properties of the nanocrystals were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), step spectrometer and UV-vis spectrophotometer. The photoelectric energy conversion performance of the battery was investigated with the regularity of the addition of polyethylene glycol. The results showed that the addition of polyethylene glycol inhibited the growth of anatase phase TiO2 grains and induced the formation of rutile phase. When polyethylene glycol was added in an amount of 5% by mass of TiO2, the performance was best. A cell assembled with a single-layer porous film and an electrolyte without tetra-tert-butylpyridine achieved a photoelectric conversion efficiency of 2.86%.